1️⃣ Types of Doors (by Material & Construction)
1) Solid Timber Door – Classic wooden door, strong and premium; used for main entrances and interiors.
A solid timber door is a door made entirely from solid wood, often from a single piece or multiple pieces joined together with traditional joinery techniques. It's distinct from engineered or hollow-core doors which use composite materials.
Key Specifications:
- Material: 100% natural wood. Common species include hardwoods like oak, mahogany, and teak for exterior doors, and softwoods like pine or fir for interior ones.
- Construction: Typically built with a frame-and-panel c1onstruction to prevent warping and cracking. This involves vertical stiles and horizontal rails that hold the door panels.
- Aesthetics: Known for its rich, natural beauty, warmth, and texture. Can be stained or painted to match any decor.
- Durability: Highly durable, strong, and resistant to dents and scratches.
- Insulation: Offers excellent natural thermal and acoustic insulation, helping to reduce noise and maintain indoor temperature.
- Weight: Heavier than hollow-core or PVC doors, which contributes to their strength and soundproofing but can make installation more complex.
- Maintenance: Requires regular maintenance (sealing, painting, or staining) to protect the wood from moisture, sunlight, and pests.
- Customization: Can be custom-crafted in almost any shape, size, or style.
2) Flush Door – Flat, smooth face with plywood/MDF core; widely used for bedrooms and interiors.
Key Features:
- Construction: It consists of a core material (hollow, solid, or cellular) sandwiched between two thin sheets of wood veneer, laminate, or plywood.
- Hollow Core: The most common type, with a honeycomb interior. It is lightweight, affordable, and best for interior use where security and sound insulation are not critical.
- Solid Core: Contains a dense interior (like particleboard). It is heavy, durable, and provides excellent sound and thermal insulation, making it ideal for exterior doors, bedrooms, and offices.
- Appearance: Its sleek, unpaneled surface is easy to clean and maintain, and it seamlessly blends into contemporary spaces.
3) Panel Door – Frame with inset wood/glass/MDF panels; decorative, traditional stylKey * * * * * Specifications:
- Construction: The door is built from a frame of vertical pieces (stiles) and horizontal pieces (rails). Within this frame, thin panels are fitted into grooves, allowing them to "float" and expand/contract with changes in humidity without cracking the door.
- Materials: Traditionally made from solid wood (hardwood or softwood), modern panel doors are also available in engineered wood (MDF), fiberglass, or steel, often with a wood veneer to mimic a classic look.
- Panel Count: Panel doors are most commonly identified by the number of panels they contain (e.g., 2-panel, 4-panel, 6-panel). The most popular residential style is the classic 6-panel door.
- Panel Style: The panels can be either flat (recessed below the frame) for a clean, modern "Shaker" look or raised (thicker in the center) for a more traditional, formal appearance.
- Use: Panel doors are highly versatile and are used for both interior and exterior applications. They offer superior strength, durability, and a classic aesthetic compared to a flat, flush door.
4) MDF / door
MDF is made by breaking down wood residuals into fine fibers, which are then combined with wax and a resin binder. This mixture is formed into a panel using high temperature and pressure, creating a dense, smooth, and uniform sheet.
Key Specifications for Doors:
- Composition: Primarily wood fibers and resin. This lack of a natural grain means the material is consistent throughout, with no knots, voids, or splits.
- Aesthetics: The smooth, uniform surface is ideal for painting, providing a flawless finish without the visible grain of natural wood. It can also be routed or molded into various shapes for panel doors.
- Stability: Unlike solid wood, MDF is highly stable and does not expand or contract significantly with changes in temperature and humidity, which prevents warping and cracking.
- Durability: It is denser and stronger than particleboard. However, it is not as strong as solid wood and can be susceptible to damage from water if not properly sealed. It also doesn't hold screws as well as solid wood.
- Cost: It is generally more affordable than solid wood.
5) FRP Door – Fiber Reinforced Plastic; waterproof, termite-proof, lightweight; best for bathrooms. entrance door and other.
Key Details
- What it is: A door made from a polymer resin reinforced with glass fibers (fiberglass). This composite structure makes it incredibly strong and stable.
- Core Material: The core is often filled with insulating material like polyurethane foam, which provides thermal and sound insulation.
- Appearance: They can be manufactured to look like other materials, including a convincing wood grain texture, a smooth painted finish, or other decorative patterns.
Main Advantages
- Exceptional Durability: Highly resistant to dents, scratches, warping, cracking, and splitting. It can withstand harsh weather without deteriorating.
- Waterproof and Moisture Resistant: Unlike wood, it won't swell, rot, or warp in humid or wet conditions. This makes it perfect for bathrooms, coastal areas, and commercial facilities with rigorous cleaning.
- Low Maintenance: FRP doors don't need frequent painting or staining. They are easy to clean with simple soap and water.
- Pest and Chemical Resistant: They are immune to termites and other pests and resist damage from chemicals.
- Energy Efficient: The insulating core helps maintain indoor temperatures, which can lead to lower energy bills.
Common Uses
FRP doors are ideal for places where durability, hygiene, and low maintenance are crucial. This includes:
- Homes (especially for entry doors and bathroom doors)
- Hospitals and laboratories
- Food processing plants
- Pharmaceutical facilities
- Schools and industrial buildings
6) PVC Door – Economical, lightweight plastic door; common in bathrooms and rental units.
uPVC Door – Rigid PVC witA PVC door is a type of door made from Polyvinyl Chloride, a durable plastic polymer.
They are a popular and cost-effective alternative to traditional doors made of wood or metal.
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Here are the key details:
- Material: Made from rigid PVC, often referred to as uPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride). This material is lightweight yet strong.
- Durability: PVC doors are highly resistant to moisture, rot, rust, and pests like termites. They do not warp or swell in humid conditions.
- Low Maintenance: They are easy to clean with just soap and water and don't require painting or staining.
- Insulation: PVC has good thermal and acoustic insulation properties, which can help with energy efficiency and soundproofing.
- Common Uses: Because of their resistance to moisture, they are frequently used for bathrooms and other interior spaces. They are also used for exterior doors due to their durability and weather resistance.
- reinforcement; corrosion-free, strong; used in bathrooms and balconies.
7) Aluminium Door – Slim, rust-proof frames with panels or glass; used in balconies and offices.
- Durable and Strong: Aluminum is a naturally strong and resilient material. It resists warping, cracking, and rust, making it highly durable and long-lasting.
- Lightweight: Despite its strength, aluminum is a very lightweight material, which makes the doors easy to operate and install.
- Low Maintenance: Aluminum doors don't require painting, staining, or special treatments. They are resistant to corrosion and simply need an occasional wipe to keep them clean.
- Versatile Design: The material's strength allows for very thin frames (known as "slim sightlines"), which can hold large glass panels. This makes them ideal for modern, minimalist designs and for maximizing natural light.
- Eco-Friendly: Aluminum is 100% recyclable, making it an environmentally sustainable choice.
8) Steel / Metal Door – Very strong, fire-resistant options; used for main security and industrial areas.
Key Characteristics
- Security: Steel doors are considered the strongest and most secure type of door, offering exceptional resistance to forced entry, impacts, and fire. They are often used in high-security commercial and industrial settings.
- Durability: Both steel and other metal doors are highly durable and resistant to warping, cracking, and insect damage. They hold up well in harsh weather conditions.
- Insulation: Many steel and metal doors have an insulated core (such as polyurethane or polystyrene foam), which provides good thermal and acoustic insulation, making them energy efficient.
- Maintenance: They are generally low-maintenance, requiring only a protective coating to prevent rust, which is often factory-applied.
- Weight: Steel doors are heavier than other types, which contributes to their strength but can make installation more difficult. Doors made from lighter metals like aluminum are easier to handle.
- Versatility: While often associated with a plain, industrial look, modern steel and metal doors come in a variety of designs, colors, and textures, including faux wood grain, to suit different aesthetic needs.
9) Glass Door – Toughened/laminated safety glass; stylish, used in offices or interiors.
- Toughened Glass: This glass is heat-treated to make it up to five times stronger than regular glass. If it breaks, it shatters into small, relatively harmless granular pieces, reducing the risk of injury.
- Laminated Glass: This consists of two or more layers of glass bonded together with an interlayer (usually PVB). If broken, the glass fragments stick to the interlayer, holding the pane together and preventing large, sharp pieces from scattering.
These safety features, combined with their aesthetic appeal, make them ideal for:
- Offices: Creating bright, open-plan environments and stylish meeting rooms.
- Interiors: Enhancing residential spaces with natural light and a feeling of spaciousness.
10) Composite / Engineered Door – Hybrid with plywood + MDF + veneers; stable and premium.
Composite, or engineered, doors are a premium option that combines different materials for improved stability and performance. Unlike solid wood doors, which can warp or crack, engineered doors are built with layers of plywood and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) with a wood veneer finish.
This hybrid construction provides a strong, stable core that resists seasonal changes and moisture, resulting in a door that is less likely to swell or shrink. The final wood veneer layer gives it the beautiful, high-end appearance of a solid wood door.
11) Fire-Rated Door – Designed to resist fire; mandatory in staircases and shafts.
Fire-rated doors are crucial safety components, specifically engineered to withstand fire for a specified period. They are often mandatory in commercial buildings, multi-story residences, and public spaces, especially for exits leading to staircases, elevator shafts, and other crucial escape routes. Their primary function is to compartmentalize a fire, preventing its spread and protecting occupants during an evacuation.
12) Smart Door – Doors fitted with digital/smart locks; used in modern residences.
A smart door is a modern residential door that is integrated with a digital or smart lock. These locks offer a keyless entry experience using features like keypads, fingerprint readers, or smartphone control. They provide enhanced security, convenience, and remote access, making them a popular feature in contemporary homes.
⇉ Standard Door Sizes (as per IS codes)
- Main Door → Width 900–1100 mm, Height 2100–2400 mm
- Bedroom Door → Width 800–1000 mm, Height 2100 mm
- Toilet/Bathroom Door → Width 700–800 mm, Height 2000–2100 mm
⇉ Door Frames (Chowkhats)
- Wooden Frame – Teak, Sal, Hardwood; common size 100 × 60 mm.
- FRP Frame – Waterproof and termite-proof; low maintenance.
- Steel Frame – Strong, durable, fire-rated use.
- uPVC Frame – Corrosion-free, lightweight, good for balconies/toilets.
* Fasteners for Frames → Anchor bolts M10 × 100 mm or M12 × 100 mm.
* Number per Frame → 6–8 (3 each side, 2 top if needed).
⇉ Door Shutter Thickness
- Wooden / Flush → 30–35 mm
- FRP / PVC → 25–30 mm
⇉ Laminate Finishes (IS 2046)
- Matte – Non-reflective, elegant, hides scratches.
- Glossy – Shiny, modern, easy to clean.
- Textured – Feels like wood/stone; premium look.
- PVC / Membrane – Seamless plastic foil; modular use.
- Thickness – 0.7 mm to 1.5 mm (1.5 mm+ for main doors).
⇉ Hinges
- Butt Hinge – Standard for most doors.
- Concealed Hinge – Hidden when door closed; premium look.
- Spring Hinge – Auto-closing.
- Parliament Hinge – Allows wide 180° opening.
📏 Sizes → 75 mm, 100 mm, 125 mm (3 per door, 4 for heavy doors).
⇉ Door Fittings
- Tower Bolt → 100–300 mm, used for internal security.
- Door Stopper → Floor, wall, or magnetic type.
- Fasteners → Anchor bolts M10 × 100 mm, 6–8 per frame.
- Screws → 25–40 mm stainless steel screws for hinges/locks.
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⇉ Locks
- Padlock – Portable, extra security.
- Deadbolt – Strong, used for main doors.
- Mortise Lock – Installed inside door; main/bedroom use.
- Cylindrical Lock – Key outside, knob inside; bedroom use.
- Knob Lock – Lock inside knob; bathrooms/toilets.
- Lever Handle Lock – Easy to operate; bedrooms/interiors.
- Rim Lock – Surface mounted; quick fix.
- Smart Lock – Fingerprint, PIN, RFID, mobile app; main door use.
⇉ Recommended Combinations (Residential Projects)
- Main Door → Wooden/FRP/Steel door, Mortise or Smart lock, 4 hinges, 8 fasteners.
- Bedroom Door → Flush/MDF, Cylindrical or Mortise lock, 3 hinges, 6 fasteners.
- Toilet/Bathroom Door → FRP/PVC, Knob lock or simple deadbolt, 3 hinges, 6 fasteners.
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