Types of Staircases – Definitions, Specifications & Technical Details
1. Straight Staircase
👉 Definition: A staircase that rises in a single straight flight without any change in direction.
👉 Specs: Riser 150–170 mm, Tread 250–300 mm, Landing after 12–15 steps, Width 900–1200 mm (residential).
👉 Use: Small houses, offices.
2. Dog-Legged Staircase
👉 Definition: Two flights parallel to each other, turning 180° at a landing (like a dog’s leg).
👉 Specs: Space-saving, Width 900–1500 mm.
👉 Use: Residential & commercial.
3. Open-Well Staircase
👉 Definition: Two or more flights around an open shaft (well).
👉 Specs: Width 1200 mm+, needs more space.
👉 Use: Apartments, institutional buildings.
4. Quarter-Turn Staircase (L-Type)
👉 Definition: Turns 90° at a landing.
👉 Specs: Width 1000–1500 mm, Riser 150–170 mm, Tread 270–300 mm.
👉 Use: Duplex houses, small commercial.
5. Half-Turn Staircase (U-Type)
👉 Definition: Turns 180° at a landing, forms U-shape.
👉 Specs: Space efficient, safe.
👉 Use: Schools, offices, apartments.
6. Spiral Staircase
👉 Definition: Circular flight winding around a central pole.
👉 Specs: Dia 1500–2000 mm, wedge-shaped treads.
👉 Use: Emergency exits, towers, small areas.
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7. Helical (Curved) Staircase
👉 Definition: Smooth curve without central support (not tight spiral).
👉 Specs: Width 1500 mm+, elegant but costly.
👉 Use: Malls, hotels, luxury homes.
8. Bifurcated Staircase
👉 Definition: Starts as one flight, splits into two at a landing.
👉 Specs: Grand, needs large space, width 2.5–3.0 m+.
👉 Use: Auditoriums, palaces, public buildings.
9. Curved Staircase
👉 Definition: A staircase that follows a continuous curved path (arc or semi-circle) but not a tight spiral.
👉 Specs: Requires large space, Riser 150–170 mm, Tread 280–300 mm, Width 1500 mm+.
👉 Use: Luxury residences, hotels, public buildings (for aesthetic effect).
10. Winder Staircase
👉 Definition: Similar to quarter-turn but instead of a landing, triangular/wedge-shaped steps are used to turn corners.
👉 Specs: Saves space, Width 900–1200 mm, less comfortable than landing stairs.
👉 Use: Small houses, old buildings where space is limited.
11. Ladders (as Stairs)
👉 Definition: A simple steep stair/ladder used for access to lofts, mezzanine floors, or roof.
👉 Specs: Slope = 60°–75°, Rung spacing = 250–300 mm, Width = 450–600 mm.
👉 Use: Temporary access, lofts, godowns, service areas.
* Technical Notes (as per IS 456:2000 & NBC India)
- Headroom clearance: Min. 2.1 m
- Width of flight: Min. 1.0 m (residential), 1.5 m (public)
- Handrail height: 850–900 mm above tread
- Max risers per flight: 12 (residential), 16 (public)
- Materials: RCC, steel, timber, stone
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